Turquoise has fascinated people for centuries. It’s a unique mineral that has been valued as both a decorative item and its other properties.

First, we’ll show you where you can find turquoise in the US. Then, we’ll dive into how to identify turquoise once you find it, a crucial step for any enthusiast!

Finding raw turquoise in the wild is an adventure in itself. We’ll also share some top tips on the best ways to discover it. So, whether you’re a seasoned rock hunter or just starting out, you’ll gain insights that’ll help you on your turquoise journey.

What is turquoise?

Turquoise forms when water moves through certain minerals, creating a chemical reaction that results in vibrant turquoise deposits. The process takes millions of years, and the end result is nothing short of amazing!

In the United States, turquoise is primarily found in the Southwest regions, with New Mexico, and Nevada leading as top producers. Each location gives the turquoise its unique shade and pattern, making each piece special.

The different types of turquoise

Turquoise comes in various types, each with its unique charm. While all turquoise is beautiful, the specific minerals and environment where it forms can lead to different colors, patterns, and qualities.

These variations have resulted in several recognized types of turquoise, each prized for its distinct features.

New Lander

New Lander turquoise is a unique and sought-after variety of turquoise. What sets it apart is its vibrant color, often accompanied by a spiderweb pattern of chalcosiderite or faustite inclusions.

These striking patterns make each piece distinct and easily recognizable.

While many turquoise varieties come from the Southwest U.S., New Lander is specifically found in Nevada, making it a prized gem from this region.

Carico Lake

Known for its vibrant blue-green shades, Carico Lake turquoise can also surprise you with rare lime-green hues. These eye-catching colors are often accented by a brown or golden matrix, adding to its charm.

This unique turquoise variety hails from the Carico Lake mine in Nevada. Its distinct colors and patterns set it apart from other types, making it a favorite for jewelers and collectors alike.

If you ever come across a piece of turquoise that dazzles with bright green tones, there’s a good chance it’s from Carico Lake!

Persian

Persian turquoise is a gem that’s been cherished for ages. Known for its pure, sky-blue color, it often lacks the matrix or webbing seen in other turquoise varieties. This gives it a smooth, even appearance that many find captivating.

As the name suggests, it originates from modern-day Iran (historically known as Persia). While many turquoise types come from the American Southwest or other parts of the world, Persian turquoise’s distinct color and consistency set it apart.

Blue Gem

Blue Gem turquoise boasts an intense blue shade, sometimes interwoven with streaks of lighter blue or green. It stands out for its consistent color and limited matrix, making its appearance very eye-catching.

The source of Blue Gem turquoise is specific to Nevada, especially from the Battle Mountain region. When comparing it to other turquoise types, its rich blue hue and high quality make it a favorite.

Red Mountain

Red Mountain turquoise is a standout gem for those into turquoise hunting. This stone is known for its dark red-brown matrix patterns, which create an intricate web across its blue or blue-green surface.

These contrasting colors make each piece feel like a miniature work of art.

Hailing from the Red Mountain region in Nevada, this turquoise variety is different from others mainly because of its bold matrix and the stories those patterns can tell.

Bisbee

Famous for its rich blue hue combined with chocolate-brown matrix patterns, Bisbee turquoise is a visual treat. This special matrix gives Bisbee turquoise its signature look, setting it apart from other varieties.

This sought-after turquoise comes from the copper mines in the Bisbee region of Arizona. Due to its distinct appearance and the limited quantity available, Bisbee turquoise is treasured by collectors and jewelry makers alike.

Fox

Fox turquoise is known for its range of green and blue shades, often accompanied by a heavy brown or gray matrix that creates eye-catching patterns. This matrix gives the Fox turquoise its distinctive character, setting it apart from other varieties.

The source of this beauty is the Fox mine in Nevada. While many turquoise types originate from different parts of the world, the Fox variety carries with it the spirit and beauty of the Nevada landscape.

Morenci

Morenci turquoise stands out with its bright blue color and unique matrix. This matrix often features shiny iron pyrite, which looks like little flecks of silver, giving the stone a sparkling touch.

Another special feature is the occasional presence of red matrix, making it even more distinctive.

This lovely turquoise comes from the Morenci copper mine in Arizona. While we find turquoise in many places around the world, Morenci turquoise brings with it the rich landscapes and stories of Arizona.

Lone Mountain

Lone Mountain turquoise is a gemstone star, shining bright with its vivid blue hues. Sometimes, you’ll find it showcasing green tones, making each piece a delightful surprise.

What sets it apart is the unique spiderweb matrix, forming web-like patterns that crisscross the stone. These patterns are not just markings; they tell the stone’s unique story.

This turquoise variety comes straight from the Lone Mountain mine in Nevada. When people think of turquoise, many sources come to mind, but Lone Mountain’s distinct look and feel make it a top pick for those in the know.

Kingman

Known for its vibrant sky-blue shade, Kingman turquoise often displays a soft, cloudy white matrix. This combination gives Kingman turquoise a dreamy look that many admire. It also comes in green hues, adding to its variety.

This beautiful stone hails from the Kingman mine located in Arizona. The Kingman variety holds a special place because of its consistently high quality and the history of its Arizona roots.

Campitos

Campitos turquoise has a brilliant blue hue and often has a subtle webbed matrix or even intriguing flecks of pyrite that shimmer like little stars. What makes it even more special is that it lacks the green shades that many other turquoise types have.

This turquoise variety hails from the Campitos Mountains in Sonora, Mexico, just south of the Arizona border.

Damale

Damale (also sometimes spelled Damele) turquoise has a unique range of light to medium greens mixed with occasional yellow tones. Because of this, it stands out from the typical blues.

A key feature of Damale turquoise is its interesting brown, golden, or even reddish matrix, which beautifully contrasts its main color. This vibrant gem comes from the Damale mine located in Nevada.

Valley Blue

Valley Blue turquoise comes in captivating shades of blue, often deep and rich, making it a favorite among enthusiasts. What sets Valley Blue apart is its consistent color, with minimal matrix interruptions.

The stone hails from the Valley Blue mine located in Nevada. While many turquoise mines produce stones with a mix of colors and matrices, Valley Blue turquoise offers that pure, consistent blue that many enthusiasts look for.

Sleeping Beauty

Sleeping Beauty turquoise comes from the Sleeping Beauty Mountain in Arizona, which looks like a sleeping woman lying on her back. This turquoise is celebrated for its bright, consistent sky-blue color without the interruption of a heavy matrix.

Unlike some other turquoise types that have patterns or veins, Sleeping Beauty is often smooth and even. This makes it a top choice for jewelers and collectors.

Ajax

Located in Nevada, the Ajax mine offers Ajax turquoise with a beautiful range of green and blue hues. What makes this turquoise special is its unique matrix, often filled with striking dark webbing or speckles.

While some turquoise varieties have a more consistent color, the varying patterns in Ajax pieces make each one distinct. If you’re hunting for a turquoise with character and captivating designs, Ajax is a delightful choice.

Blue Diamond

Found in Nevada, Blue Diamond turquoise boasts a rich blue color, often accompanied by a captivating dark smoky matrix that gives each piece its unique character.

Compared to other types of turquoise, Blue Diamond’s distinct coloration and pattern truly make it stand out. It’s not just about the hue; it’s the unique combinations of blue and matrix that catch the eye.

Where to find turquoise

Across the United States, there are special spots known for yielding turquoise. From arid deserts to mountainous regions, each location gives turquoise its unique characteristics.

Dive into the five top places in the U.S. where this gem can be found and learn what makes each site extraordinary!

Lake County, Colorado

Lake County is located in the heart of the Rocky Mountains. Known for its breathtaking landscapes, it’s not just the views that attract rock enthusiasts here. This region is rich in minerals, including the much sought-after turquoise.

The specific conditions of the area, with its mineral-rich soils, make it a prime location for discovering high-quality turquoise. The turquoise found here often has a bright and vibrant hue, making it a favorite for jewelry and collections.

Royston Turquoise Mine, Nevada

Royston Turquoise Mine is like a treasure chest for rock enthusiasts. Located in the heart of the state, this mine is known for producing some of the most vibrant and varied turquoise.

The shades range from deep blues to lush greens, often streaked with golden brown veins. The uniqueness of each piece makes Royston turquoise highly sought after.

If you’re eager to see where you can find turquoise and experience the thrill of unearthing a beautiful gem, this mine should be at the top of your list. It’s a spot that promises both adventure and the chance to discover a piece of Earth’s true beauty.

Walker Lake, Nevada

Situated amid vast landscapes and clear skies, the area surrounding Walker Lake has pockets rich with beautiful turquoise stones. This isn’t just a place to enjoy nature’s beauty but also where to find turquoise in real life.

The turquoise here ranges from soft blues to striking greens, each with its own unique patterns.

For those with a keen eye and a love for searching, Walker Lake offers not only the excitement of the hunt but the reward of finding genuine treasures.

Lander County, Nevada

Lander County is known for its rich deposits of various minerals. But, one of its real gems is turquoise. The shades of turquoise you can find here are diverse, from deep blues to vibrant greens, often speckled with captivating patterns.

Many rockhounds and collectors flock to this region, finding turquoise amid the desert landscapes. So, for anyone with an eye for beauty and a passion for collecting, Lander County is a must-visit destination.

Grant County, New Mexico

Grant County in New Mexico is an adventurer’s paradise, especially if you have a soft spot for shimmering gems. With its sprawling landscapes and sun-kissed hills, it’s a top-notch spot for looking for turquoise.

The area boasts numerous mines that have churned out some of the finest turquoise specimens, each with its unique hue and character. From deep blues to vibrant greens, the turquoise from Grant County is truly a sight to behold.

How to find turquoise

There are several exciting ways to hunt for turquoise. Let’s dive into the different techniques to find this stunning blue-green stone.

Climb up to elevations of 3,000 feet and 8,500 feet

If you’re eager to discover turquoise, elevation is key. Hiking up a mountain or hill in a known turquoise area can increase your chances of spotting this blue-green gem.

Some of the best turquoise locations can be found at heights ranging from 3,000 feet to 8,500 feet above sea level. These elevations often have the right kind of rock formations where turquoise likes to hang out. 

So, grab a sturdy pair of hiking boots and a reliable map. Always remember to follow local laws and respect private property while you’re on your treasure hunt.

Search mine dumps

If you’re wondering how to find turquoise, searching mine dumps or tailings can be a fantastic way to start.

Mine dumps are piles of leftover rock and materials from mining operations. They’re often overlooked, but they can be a hidden treasure trove for turquoise enthusiasts.

Wear sturdy gloves and bring a small pick or shovel to sift through the debris. As you search, keep your eyes peeled for the distinctive blue-green color of turquoise. Sometimes, miners miss smaller pieces or chunks deemed too small to process.

So, while the bigger pieces may be gone, there’s still a chance to find some gems!

Use the right tools

Finding turquoise becomes easier when you have the right tools on hand. Start with a rock hammer; it’s perfect for breaking apart stones to reveal hidden turquoise.

A small shovel or trowel, meanwhile, can help dig in areas where turquoise might be near the surface.

Bring along a magnifying glass to closely examine any potential finds. It’s essential for spotting those tiny turquoise bits in a larger rock

A sturdy bucket or bag is a must-have for collecting your discoveries. A good pair of thick gloves can also protect your hands. And, of course, always wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from flying rock chips.

Equipped with these tools, you’ll be set to uncover some fantastic turquoise treasures.

Look for sandstone

Knowing where to look is half the battle when it comes to learning how to find turquoise.

Sandstone can be your guide! Turquoise often forms in places where there’s copper in the ground. Sandstone, with its soft and grainy texture, often surrounds these copper-rich areas.

When you spot sandstone formations, it’s a good hint that turquoise might be nearby. Start by checking the areas around and within the sandstone for hints of blue or green.

Remember, turquoise can sometimes be hidden just beneath the surface. So, if you’re in a sandstone-rich region, keep your eyes peeled and your rock hammer ready. You might just stumble upon a beautiful piece of turquoise!

How to identify turquoise once you find it

There are many stones out there that can easily be mistaken for turquoise. Luckily, there are clear signs and tests that can help determine its authenticity. Let’s dive into the key characteristics and tips that will help you confidently identify turquoise.

What turquoise looks like on the outside

On the outside, turquoise can showcase a variety of features that make it stand out from other gems.

Colors

Rough turquoise is truly a sight to behold with its stunning array of colors. Most commonly, turquoise sports shades of blue and green.

The blue can range from a pale sky blue to a deep, rich azure. The green hues might remind you of fresh mint leaves or deep forest shades.

Often, you’ll find veins or patches of brown or black, known as the matrix, running through the stone, adding unique patterns and character.

These beautiful colors and patterns are part of what makes turquoise so sought after.

Matrix

When people talk about the matrix in turquoise, they’re referring to the veins or patches of other materials that run through the stone. This matrix can be seen as thin web-like patterns or as larger blotches. 

Typically, the matrix consists of the rock in which turquoise forms, like brown or black iron or chert. The presence of a matrix can actually enhance the beauty and value of the turquoise, giving it character and a unique appearance.

Now, if you’re wondering what turquoise looks like on the outside, the matrix plays a big role in that. It’s like the fingerprint of the stone, ensuring no two pieces are exactly alike.

The combination of blue or green hues with the distinct matrix patterns makes each piece special.

Shape

Shape plays an important part in turquoise identification. Raw turquoise usually has a nugget-like shape, appearing as irregular chunks or lumps. These natural formations can range from tiny pebble-sized pieces to large masses.

Unlike other stones that might have more consistent or crystalline shapes, turquoise is known for its random, uneven form.

So, if you’re out and about and come across an oddly shaped, blue-green chunk, there’s a good chance you might have stumbled upon a piece of turquoise! Remember, each piece is unique, so variations in shape are common.

What turquoise looks like on the inside

When you dive deeper and look past its outer beauty, the inside of turquoise has a story to tell.

Texture

On the inside, turquoise has a texture that’s often waxy to the touch, and sometimes it can even feel a bit grainy or rough. This texture is a direct result of how turquoise forms over millions of years.

When water drips through rocks, it leaves behind minerals that slowly build up and become this beautiful gem. As these minerals gather, they create the unique patterns and textures that many treasure hunters and jewelry makers love.

Opacity

When you hold a piece of raw turquoise up to the light, you might notice that it’s not see-through. That’s because turquoise is typically opaque, meaning you can’t see through it.

This opacity is due in large part to how turquoise is formed. Over time, the minerals mix and settle in a way that prevents light from passing through.

This quality makes turquoise especially sought after for jewelry, as its solid appearance stands out beautifully against the skin or when set in shiny metal.

Porosity

Turquoise is a fascinating stone, especially when you think about what turquoise looks like on the inside. One of the key features is its porosity. Porosity refers to the tiny holes or spaces within the stone.

This stone can range from being very porous to almost solid, depending on where it’s found and how it developed over time. Porous turquoise tends to absorb liquids and oils more easily, which can change its color or appearance.

On the other hand, less porous turquoise remains more consistent in its appearance. It’s also easier to cut, shape, and polish.