Pennsylvania’s rich mining history dates back to the 1800s when miners first discovered valuable minerals in its rolling hills. Few know that some of the finest aquamarine specimens in the US were actually found right here in the Keystone State.

Looking for beryl can be tricky, especially if you’re new to rockhounding. Many spend countless hours searching in the wrong spots, only to go home empty-handed.

We’ve done the legwork and talked to local collectors to bring you the most productive beryl locations across Pennsylvania. These spots have consistently yielded good finds, from emerald-green beryl to pale blue aquamarine crystals.

How Beryl Forms Here

Beryl forms in specific geological environments, primarily in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. These locations provide the right conditions for crystallization.

The process begins deep within the Earth, where hot, mineral-rich fluids carry essential elements like beryllium, aluminum, and silicon. As these fluids move through cracks in the rocks, they cool down, allowing beryl to crystallize slowly over time.

The unique hexagonal crystal structure of beryl arises from chains of silicate tetrahedra that link together. This structure not only gives beryl its strength but also its beautiful colors, which can vary based on impurities present during formation.

Thus, the intricate dance of temperature, pressure, and mineral content creates this stunning gemstone.

Types of Beryl

Beryl comes in a stunning variety of colors and formations, each with its own unique characteristics and value in the gemstone market.

Aquamarine

Aquamarine’s sea-blue to blue-green colors instantly remind people of ocean waters. The stone ranges from pale, almost colorless shades to deep teal hues, with the most valued pieces showing a bright sky-blue color. Iron gives aquamarine its signature color, and most pieces are remarkably clear.

The stone’s exceptional clarity makes it stand out. While other similar stones often have visible flaws inside, aquamarine typically appears clean and transparent. This clarity allows light to pass through beautifully, creating bright sparkles and flashes.

Ancient civilizations treasured aquamarine, using it in decorative pieces and protective items as far back as 500 B.C. The stone’s enduring popularity speaks to its timeless appeal.

The largest cut aquamarine, the Don Pedro, weighs an impressive 10,363 carats and sits in the Smithsonian Institution.

Maxixe

Maxixe showcases an intense blue to violet-blue color that makes it truly distinctive. However, its most fascinating feature is how its color changes when exposed to light or heat, sometimes shifting to a brown-yellow shade.

The stone’s color comes from natural radiation effects, creating a unique appearance that sets it apart. When viewed from different angles, Maxixe shows varying shades of blue, an optical effect that makes each piece special.

One of Maxixe’s most intriguing aspects is its color stability. The vibrant blue can fade with exposure to sunlight, but interestingly, artificial radiation can restore its original color. This unique characteristic has made it a subject of scientific study.

Bixbite

Bixbite displays a striking red color that ranges from soft pink-red to deep, rich red tones. The vibrant color comes from manganese in its structure, creating a remarkable appearance that catches the eye immediately.

Its formation process makes it extraordinarily special. The specific conditions needed for Bixbite to form rarely occur in nature, contributing to its exceptional rarity. For perspective, one Bixbite crystal is found for every 150,000 gem-quality diamonds.

Most Bixbite pieces are small, usually under one carat, making larger specimens particularly remarkable. The stone’s intense color combined with its small size creates concentrated beauty that collectors particularly appreciate.

Originally discovered in 1904 by Maynard Bixby, this stone was first mistaken for red emerald. Its discovery sparked significant interest in the geological community, and it continues to captivate collectors and enthusiasts with its remarkable combination of color and rarity.

Emerald

Emeralds are recognized for their vivid green color, which can range from yellow-green to deep jade. The most desirable shades are bluish-green with even saturation and medium to medium-dark tones. This distinctive green comes from traces of chromium and vanadium in the stone.

Almost every natural emerald contains internal marks called “jardin” (meaning garden in French). These natural patterns make each stone unique. While other gems are valued for being completely clear, these garden-like patterns are actually appreciated in emeralds.

Ancient Egyptians prized emeralds above all other gems. The Duke of Devonshire Emerald, weighing 1,383.93 carats, remains one of the largest uncut emeralds ever found. The stone’s rarity also adds to its appeal – emeralds are actually rarer than diamonds.

Golden Beryl

Golden Beryl shines with bright yellow to rich golden colors that seem to glow from within. The color comes from tiny amounts of iron in the stone. Most pieces are beautifully clear, without the internal marks often seen in other similar stones.

The stone’s exceptional clarity makes it special. Light passes through easily, creating bright sparkles that enhance its natural golden glow. This clarity, combined with its color, creates an impressive display of brilliance.

Large crystals of Golden Beryl are particularly impressive. They form in six-sided shapes and can grow to remarkable sizes while maintaining their beautiful transparency. This makes each piece uniquely striking.

Heliodor usually presents a yellow-green or greenish-yellow hue. In contrast, Golden Beryl is characterized by its pure golden yellow or bright yellow appearance.

Heliodor

Heliodor captures the essence of sunlight with its yellow to golden-yellow colors. Some stones show hints of green, creating unique color combinations that set them apart from other yellow gems. The name itself means “gift of the sun” in Greek.

These stones typically form as clear, transparent crystals. They often show interesting natural etchings on their surface, adding character to each piece. The clarity of Heliodor allows light to pass through beautifully, creating bright flashes of color.

The stone’s surface patterns make each piece distinct. Natural markings and crystal shapes create interesting features that collectors appreciate. These characteristics tell the story of how the stone formed.

High-quality Heliodor pieces are quite rare. When found, they often show remarkable size and clarity together. This combination of qualities makes each good specimen special and worthy of any rock collection.

Goshenite

Goshenite stands out with its pure, colorless appearance. The stone is remarkably clear and transparent, often resembling a drop of pure water. This clarity comes from its formation in environments free from color-causing elements.

Many people appreciate Goshenite for its excellent transparency. The stone rarely contains internal marks or cloudiness. This makes it particularly brilliant when cut, allowing light to pass through cleanly and create bright sparkles.

One fascinating aspect of Goshenite’s history is its use in early optical instruments. During medieval times, people crafted these clear crystals into lenses for spectacles and magnifying glasses. This happened before modern glass-making techniques existed.

The stone’s purity makes it special in collections. While other similar stones show various colors, Goshenite maintains its water-clear appearance. Large, clear crystals are particularly prized among collectors who appreciate their pristine beauty.

Green Beryl

Green Beryl shows soft to vibrant green shades, from pale mint to deeper forest tones. The color comes from tiny amounts of iron in the crystal. These stones typically have excellent clarity with few internal marks.

The stone’s color can change slightly under different lights. Some pieces show a hint of yellow when viewed from certain angles. This subtle color play adds to their appeal and makes each stone unique.

Most Green Beryl crystals form with remarkable clarity. They often grow into large, clear pieces that maintain their beautiful transparency. This makes them particularly impressive in collections.

These stones often develop in larger sizes than similar green gems. Their natural crystal shape is six-sided, and they can grow quite large while staying clear and bright. This combination of size and clarity makes them special.

Morganite

Morganite displays delicate pink to peach colors that range from soft pastels to deeper salmon tones. The beautiful color comes from manganese in the crystal structure. Some stones show different shades of pink when viewed from different angles.

These crystals can grow to impressive sizes. Some of the largest pieces have weighed over 20 pounds. The size potential makes Morganite particularly interesting for collectors and specimen hunters.

The stone often forms with remarkable clarity. Most pieces are free from internal marks, allowing light to pass through beautifully. This clarity enhances their soft, romantic colors.

Morganite’s colors tend to be subtle and sophisticated. The gentle pink and peach tones set it apart from more intensely colored stones. Large, clear pieces with good color are especially valued in collections.

What Rough Beryl Looks Like

Identifying a rough beryl might seem tricky, but with a few tips, you can spot one even if you’re not a rock expert. Here’s how you can do it.

Look for the Hexagonal Crystal Structure

Raw beryl typically forms in six-sided (hexagonal) crystals, sometimes as long columns. You’ll often spot these distinct shapes even in rough specimens.

They’re not always perfect – sometimes they’re broken or embedded in other rocks. But if you see a hexagonal pattern, especially in a greenish or bluish stone, you might have beryl on your hands.

Check for a Glassy or Waxy Luster

Unlike quartz’s brilliant shine, beryl has a more subdued glassy look. Run your finger across it – it should feel smooth but not super shiny.

Sometimes it’s even a bit waxy, like a candle that’s cooled down. If it’s too sparkly or looks metallic, probably not beryl.

Assess the Color Range

Beryl’s pretty sneaky with its colors. Most rough pieces come in pale green but don’t just stop there. Look for subtle blue tints, yellowish hues, or even colorless specimens.

The color’s usually uneven – you might see darker and lighter patches in the same piece. Grab a flashlight and shine it through thinner edges – beryl often shows some transparency.

Test the Hardness

Here’s a neat trick: try scratching the surface with a steel nail. Beryl’s pretty tough (7.5-8 on the Mohs scale) and won’t scratch easily.

Got a piece of quartz handy? Beryl should be able to scratch it. But be gentle – you’re not trying to destroy the specimen!

A Quick Request About Collecting

Tips on Where to Look

Once you get to the places we have listed below there are some things you should keep in mind when you’re searching:

Pegmatite Formations

Look in coarse-grained igneous rocks called pegmatites. These form as magma cools slowly underground. Beryl crystals here are often large and well-formed.

Check exposed pegmatite veins on hillsides or road cuts where erosion has revealed the rock layers.

Old Mining Areas

Explore abandoned mica and feldspar quarries. Beryl often occurs alongside these minerals. Scout the dump piles and tailings, where miners discarded “worthless” rocks.

These areas frequently contain overlooked beryl specimens that weren’t considered commercially viable during active mining periods but are perfect for collectors.

Stream Beds

Search gravel beds in streams that cut through metamorphic rock areas. While most people focus on looking directly in the water, the real treasures often hide in the gravel deposits along the banks where heavier minerals, including beryl fragments, tend to accumulate during seasonal flooding and natural sorting processes.

Granite Outcrops

Check weathered granite outcrops, especially where the rock shows signs of mineralization. Look for zones with white quartz and mica, as beryl commonly associates with these minerals. Focus on areas where the granite appears altered or shows color variations.

The types of Beryl you can find around the state

The types of beryl mostly found are: Aquamarine, Green Beryl, and Golden Beryl.
Aquamarine is a blue to blue-green variety of beryl, highly valued for its clear, ocean-like color.

Green Beryl, while similar in color to emerald, is distinguished by its lighter hue and lacks the deep saturation that characterizes emeralds. It is less commonly recognized but still appreciated for its beauty.

Lastly, Golden Beryl displays a rich yellow to orange-yellow color and is sought after for its warm tones, making it a unique addition to the beryl family found in California

Some Great Places To Start

Here are some of the better places to start looking for beryl in Pennsylvania:

McCrea Quarry

McCrea Quarry sits in the historic Germantown neighborhood of northwest Philadelphia. This former industrial site is part of the ancient Wissahickon Formation, known for its rich metamorphic geology and mineral diversity.

The quarry stands out for its unique pegmatite swarms – small volcanic intrusions that created perfect conditions for mineral formation. These pegmatites were formed by hot mineral-rich solutions pushing up through the earth’s crust millions of years ago.

The most promising spots for finding beryl are along the quarry’s hillside areas, particularly where pegmatite veins are exposed. These crystals typically form in the cavities and cracks within the pegmatite formations.

The site has produced several notable beryl specimens over the years, making it a significant location for mineral collectors.

Elk Creek

Elk Creek runs through the southeastern corner of Pennsylvania in Chester County, an area characterized by its rolling hills and rural landscape. The creek area’s bedrock consists of Wissahickon Schist, which creates ideal conditions for mineral formation.

The Elk Creek pegmatite, a distinctive geological feature, has yielded noteworthy beryl specimens alongside other minerals. The pegmatite’s unique mineral assemblage includes schorl, garnet, orthoclase, muscovite, and apatite.

The best beryl specimens are typically found within the pegmatite’s crystalline structure, particularly in areas where the rock shows clear zonation.

The beryl here often appears as hexagonal crystals, ranging from pale green to bluish tints, embedded within the white feldspar and quartz matrix of the pegmatite.

Blue Hill

Blue Hill is located in Upper Providence Township, Delaware County, about 2.5 miles northwest of Media, Pennsylvania. This location has drawn mineral enthusiasts due to its rich geological makeup, particularly its extensive meta-peridotite and pegmatite exposures.

The surrounding region, including nearby Smedley Park and Glendale Quarry, has produced notable beryl specimens over the years.

The best spots for finding beryl at Blue Hill are within the exposed pegmatite outcrops. These formations typically appear as light-colored, coarse-grained rocks with visible crystals.

The site also yields other interesting minerals like quartz, muscovite, and feldspar, often found in association with beryl.

Coatesville Area

The Coatesville Area in Valley Township, Chester County, lies 39 miles west of Philadelphia. This region stands out for its rich pegmatite deposits, making it a prime spot for beryl hunting.

The Coatesville Pegmatite Quarry has yielded significant beryl specimens, with crystals often found within the pegmatite veins that cut through the local bedrock. The quarry’s mineral-rich environment also hosts other notable specimens like quartz and feldspar.

The Hayti Area, another productive zone within Valley Township, features distinctive pegmatite outcrops where beryl crystals have been discovered.

The Westwood Section, located southwest of Coatesville, contains additional pegmatite veins that have produced beryl specimens. The area’s weathered surfaces often expose fresh pegmatite material, making it easier to spot potential beryl specimens in the exposed rock faces.

Deshong Quarry

Deshong Quarry sits in Ridley Township, Delaware County, in southeastern Pennsylvania, close to the Delaware River.

The quarry’s geological makeup features impressive pegmatite veins that have produced notable beryl specimens, particularly aquamarine and green beryl varieties.

The site’s unique crystalline structure creates ideal conditions for mineral formation, with beryl crystals often embedded within flesh-colored microcline matrices.

Besides beryl, the quarry has yielded other interesting minerals including garnet, muscovite, and feldspar. The best specimens are typically found in the quarry’s exposed pegmatite veins, where the coarse-grained igneous rock formations create perfect pockets for crystal growth.

Places Beryl has been found by County

After discussing our top picks, we wanted to discuss the other places on our list. Below is a list of the additional locations where we have succeeded, along with a breakdown of each place by county.